Product Launch Plan -Team-Mkt 571

The obsession of medical science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The fixation of clinical science - Essay Example We have a fixation on logical strategies and we once in a while attempt to overcomplicate certain issues and pregnancies are one of these issues. This observation is badly established and in this exposition contentions will be offered with respect to why birthing assistants can be more useful than Obstetricians in the American maternity human services framework. What is the distinction among Obstetricians and Midwives? An obstetrician is an individual who is a clinical master in labors and work issues. These are individuals who have taken proper expert instruction of clinical science and know about medical procedure. Birthing assistants then again are just furnished with taking care of okay pregnancies. Maternity specialists manages the procedure of labor and focus on common procedure of labor. A maternity specialist is commonly expected to finish a couple of seminars on pregnancy and labor however they can't treat youngster diseases. The explicitly manage labor and pregnancies. Ther e is a distinction in the labor reasoning of maternity specialists and obstetricians. Maternity specialists consider labor as a characteristic procedure and they have a characteristic point of view on pregnancies. Obstetricians have a clinical viewpoint and view labor as a clinical hazard. Advantages and disadvantages of Obstetricians The significant advantage of obstetricians is that they get formal expert instruction concerning labor and work method. They are clinical master and know about the elements of other body parts. They have inside and out information about the human body along these lines they can perform complex labors. Obstetricians can likewise perform surgeries like a cesarean which birthing assistants can't. High hazard pregnancies can be dealt with by an obstetrician and not a birthing assistant. At times the mother has heart issue or diabetes so such labors are better dealt with by obstetricians. The most huge burden of obstetricians is that they have a clinical sc ience viewpoint that sees labor as a hazard and not a characteristic procedure. Along these lines they are increasingly disposed to utilize surgeries when there is no need of it. There is additionally a deficiency of obstetricians in this manner they can't concentrate on one pregnancy and this can now and then lead to complexities. Marsden Wagner says â€Å"In USA obstetrician plates are full to overflowing† (pp.6). They are occupied to such an extent that they think that its difficult to focus on a specific case. In such manner a maternity specialist improves as she invests more energy with the mother. Advantages and disadvantages of Midwives offer types of assistance that are financially moderate by individuals. They charge far lesser than an obstetrician for their administrations and this makes them increasingly appealing to gynecologists. The clinical way of thinking of maternity specialists permits them to see labor as a characteristic procedure and not as a clinical haz ard. This permits them to think uniquely in contrast to obstetricians and they can depend on regular techniques. They additionally give extensive time to their patients so this permits them to comprehend the patient in a superior manner. Maternity specialists can perform labors in homes. This is an additional bit of leeway as important time isn't lost in carrying the patient to the medical clinic. The absence of clinical information fills in as a detriment for birthing specialists. Any confusion during a labor can't be fathomed by maternity specialists. They are additionally absent to the present pattern of medication and in the event of an

College Research Paper Writers Review - Get Started Now!

College Research Paper Writers Review - Get Started Now!What should you expect from a college research paper writers review? You might be interested in this because you want to become a freelance writer, or you may be new to the profession and you want to find out more about the process of writing, and why you should pay attention to this when it comes to getting a college research paper written.The first thing that you want to know is that it's not easy for college research paper writers to do their jobs and make a living. It takes hard work and persistence on your part, and if you don't know how to market yourself, then you will struggle. So, what can you do to find success with this?The first thing you want to do is make sure that you have good relationships with people who are in the academic field. Have they recommended you to others? Do they know someone else who they like? You want to find out as much as you can about the people that are in the academic field, and know that yo u are working with them in your own interests.After you've done some basic networking, you'll want to get a book on how to be a college research paper writer, and start thinking about your next step. There are many ways to learn, and you'll want to look at the marketing side of things. How do you market yourself?Of course, you could learn how to write a convincing research paper from a book on the subject, but the best way to do this is by reading up on the market, how to market yourself, and how to convince people to hire you. It will take time, but the reward will be worth it, because you will have a wonderful market in which to work.One important thing to look for when a college research paper writer's review comes out is testimonials. People will write reviews of things they have done, whether they have just worked with a specific company or not. A good thing about a college research paper writers review, though, is that you don't have to buy into everything the writer has writt en about.What you want to look for when looking at a college research paper writer's review is at least two, if not three, excellent testimonials. The reason is that a writer will never have the same client twice, and it's difficult to do the research to get references and testimonials if a writer is willing to write a glowing testimonial all on their own. Plus, you should see how many other writers are citing your work, and that can only help your career.As a freelance writer, you're not looking for the best writers to work with, you're looking for writers that will be impressed with your work and give you a recommendation to keep in touch with them and work together. This will get you the most referrals, and it will help you to become a popular writer with a list of clients ready to pick your brain on your next job.

Essay about Cultural Criticism of Barn Burning by William...

Cultural Criticism of Barn Burning by William Faulkner In William Faulkners Barn Burning, a young boy must face his father and face the reality of a racist society. He must also discover for himself that his father is wrong and learn to grow up the right way in a racial environment. Faulkners setting is one of the most important literary elements in the story. He takes a young black boy and puts him in a real world of chaos and disorder. In the South, race is one of the most important factors in how one would live his or her life. The only way he can retain his own dignity in the end is to believe in his own courage and goodwill. The young boy, Sartoris, has a kind of loyalty for his father, Abner†¦show more content†¦Sarty has moved out of childhood, developing a mind and will of his own. He is no longer unperceptively loyal to his father. Sarty becomes his own self-reliant person, instead of being the shadow of his father. When he warns de Spain of his barn burning, Sarty becomes disloyal to his father and his own heritage. At this time, blacks had to band together to fight off the white men and oppression, but Sarty does not do this. After they flee the country, Abner is still abusive to his family. Abner Snopes is full of hatred and he is always ready to defend himself even when no one has an argument against him. This gives Sarty all the more reason to find himself. Sarty must choose to either follow the law or to choose the same path his father did, a life that satisfied himself and no one else. The first time Sarty had to choose between the law and his father he chose his father. He did not know much, only that the white men were enemies and that he had to stick to his own blood. He was used to his natural instincts and the teaching of his own heritage. That was not the case the second time around. As he got older, he got smarter. He realized that the confrontations that his father put him in were not right. When Abner goes to burn the barn in the new country, this is the first timeShow MoreRelatedWilliam Faulkner s Literary Accomplishments1753 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Faulkner was a powerful writer whose highly anthologized works bear the image of the Southern Gothic tradition and the weight of more than half a century of literary analysis and criticism. Despite a vast amount of intense and perhaps belated scrutiny directed at Faulkner s literary accomplishments, the author himself had a vision and scope not to be outdone by his commentators. Between 1929 and 1936, Faulkner published novels with characters ranging from children, thinkers, the insane,Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesfuture chapters, such as (a) examples of deceptive techniques by advertisers, salespersons, and propagandists, (b) examples of reasoning errors discussed in later chapters, (c) examples of violations of several principles of good reasoning or good criticism, and (d) two to four examples of good reasoning. 4. For the following hypothetical situation, state what decision you recommend and why you recommend it. Weigh the pros and cons, and describe your process of weighing the pros and cons. A West

Immigration And The American Culture - 1238 Words

For years there has been controversy about how immigrants should assimilate in America. In the past, new incoming immigrants integrated themselves into the American Society based on what they believed the American culture and customs were. Sometimes they chose not to practice them because they were against their own personal beliefs (Zunz, Bodnar, and Thernstrom, p.53.). In recent arguments, some people believe that assimilation is achieved by adopting the American norms and language. While others believe immigrants should integrate their own customs and language into the American culture. These speculations have placed a dividing line in between how Americans feel immigrants should and should not assimilate. According to Rose Cuison Villazor, professor of Law at the University of California, adopting â€Å"whiteness† is the only way for immigrants to assimilate in America (par.5). Based upon her article, â€Å"How Race Can Preclude Acceptance for Immigrants†, she grudg ingly forms her argument on the previous years of assimilation; when there were laws prohibiting the inclusion of other races if they were not deemed white. At that moment in time, people of color had to unwillingly adopt the ways of the â€Å"white† culture because Caucasians were the superior race. Now, America is one great â€Å"melting pot† and adopting â€Å"whiteness† is obsolete because there is an abundance of races, ethnicities, and customs in America to consider. Immigrants should assimilate with the American customsShow MoreRelatedImmigration : A Concept At Odds American Culture998 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration: A concept at odds in American Culture On any given day, any media connected American will be bombarded by numerous views and commentaries on the immigration debate. On this Saturday morning, the 30th of January 2016, a perusal of CNN main homepage leads to 6 direct or indirect (political due to the upcoming election) references to the immigration debate. It is a hot topic in the media and it is a source of constant argument and rhetoric for and against with very little resolutionRead MoreInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 PagesInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language CONTENT Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The Main Part †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Chapter I In Search of America †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.1. America: Its Image and Reality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.2. The Reasons of Immigration to the USA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3. . The Importance of Religious Beliefs: â€Å"One Nation under God † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter II The Nation of Immigrants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.1. American beliefs and values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreEvaluation of Effeciveness694 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effectiveness of Immigration Threatens American Culture The essay Immigration Threatens American Culture is written by Lawrence Auster In this essay, the author will evaluate the effectiveness of Auster’s paper in terms of its claims, evidence, and the presentation of the claims and evidence. The author’s main claim is that post-1965 immigration is threatening the American Culture. It is clearly stated fairy early in this essay because the author makes a clear introductionRead MoreImmigrant Influence On Culture And Society1010 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribing immigration, the most popular term was â€Å"melting pot†, but lately the more politically correct term is â€Å"salad bowl†. The melting pot better describes American society because the cultures have blended together and became more accepting of each other. The history of immigration in the United States has been greatly shaped by immigrant influence on culture and society, the nation’s fluid immigration laws, and how incoming immigrants are perceived by the population of each era. Immigration in theRead MoreImmigration : An Influential Aspect Of American History1172 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout American history, immigration has been a constant and significant force in the country. From the early beginnings of the nation in the seventeenth century to the present day, millions of people, from a variety of different and distinct nations and cultures, made the great journey to the United States to pursue greater economic and social opportunities. Immigration has been an influential aspect of American history. These immigrants have enhanced and contributed greatly to the fabric andRead MoreImmigration And The United States1106 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States was relatively divided on the topic of immigration. A nation, which was essentially built by the work and concepts of immigrants themselves, was ready to close their doors to similar individuals looking for the same opportunity. While there was not a defined group of Americans in complete favor for ne w immigrants, there was a clear divide between those who were downright opposed and those open to compromise. Citizens opposing immigration backed up their arguments by presenting scientificRead MoreCultural Diversity in New York Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesatmospheres have brought their families and dreams to New York City. Although Immigration patters throughout the last 200 years have varied, New York has consistently seen people from around the world move to the city and call it home. From the earliest points in our history as a nation, New York has been a center for trade and economic growth. New York is known world wide as a cultural melting pot. While other states have had immigration surges, none have compared to the diversity and sheer number of immigrantsRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1664 Words   |  7 Pages1990. In other words, the illegal immigration rate arriving and living in the U.S. has decreased, but there are still millions of unauthoriz ed immigrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico border. Illegal immigration and policy has become an important and political debate between millions of Americans for the past couple of decades, but it was not until the 21st century, when policymakers became concern on national security and the demand for labor. Although illegal immigration has become a major issue in theRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pages Immigration In America The people living in the United States of America are confronted with a debatable issue each and everyday. Illegal immigration into America and the immigration laws that follow make for an emotional topic. Often times people in the U.S argue whether the laws against illegal and legal immigration in America are the proper laws for the issues at hand. Many people think that illegal immigration should be stopped while others believe that the outbreak of newcomers can helpRead MoreThe Debate Over Illegal Immigration1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe debate over illegal immigration has been a constant and ongoing struggle in the United States. Millions of illegal immigrants are living among us in the country, we have more entering daily. Recently, President Barack Obama touched on the topic with his immigration executive order. Unfortunately, with the republican takeover of the white house, many of his actions are not being supported. This is viable evidence that there are people who want to help fix the immigration system in a way that will

None_Provided Essay Example For Students

None_Provided Essay Stacey Reed Speech 131 04/26/99AUDIENCE ANALYSIS: SURVEYSMy topic, disciplining a child, got several different responses among all the surveys. At first I figured that I wouldnt have to do a lot of persuading to get my audience to agree with my side. I truly believe that hitting a child is wrong. The surveys I got back from the audience proved otherwise. It is now evident that I have my work cut out for me after all. My first question asked if my audience was ever disciplined as a child and 99% of the audience said yes. The most common responses towards how they were disciplined proved to be grounding and some form of hitting. When asked what child abuse meant to them, I was surprised to see that some 25% said that it involved mental abuse and physically harming a child. One distinct survey stuck out. It said, abuse which physically harms the child enough to bruise, or cause lasting pain, or physical punishment that is misdirected anger. That is very close to the right answer. Of co urse a lot more people chose to say very abusive hitting which is the response I figured I would get. However, that is the wrong defintion. I then asked if the audience if they would ever slap their children around meaning a little more than just a friendly pat, and a surprising 45% said yes. Nonetheless, all of the surveys expressed their interest in learning new ways to discipline a child. In interpreting the audiences responses, I was amazed to see that much of the audience believed in hitting their own children. In a sense I guess I was expecting to not have to persuade much of my audience that hitting a child can have lasting effect, but then again this speech is all about persuading.For some, if being hit as a child worked on them, then I suppose most feel it will work for their kids. It is scary to see ahead of time that most of my audience does plan to use this form of discipline. Perhaps they they dont know exactly how far to go with their hitting, but rather they just plan to do what they know. On the other hand, like me, a good part of the audience realizes that there are ways to avoid hitting or mentally abusing a child. Even if some of my audience still feels as though a good spanking is good for a child, possibly after my speech they will also use or convert to using alternate forms of discipline that I will explain. All of the audience was open to know new forms of discipline, and all but one claimed they were disciplined as children. When asked to rate forms of disciplines listed, I was saddened to see that most didnt rate spanking as a 1 or 2. (5 being the best, 1 being the worst) It was mostly rated between 3-5. Grounding was really prominent and the rest of the types of disciplines varied between people. For the most part, I feel as though either the audience learned this form of discipline (hitting) from their parents and its just getting passed on from generation to generation, or they truly believe that hitting makes a child better. I want to prove, that if anything, a light hitting ( on the butt as a child) or other forms of discipline could work much better. Overall, I was happy by a good percentage of the class definition of child abuse. It seems that as impressive as some of the child abuse definitions were, it didnt seem to matter to some that hitting is the worst discipline for a child. It is possible that most of the au dience is misinterpreting the question, or they simply think that it is okay to do anything to a child as long as it doesnt cause huge black and blue marks. Regardless, even that is wrong and I want to persuade the audience that anything, other than gently hitting a child, causes emotional scars and can mentally damage a child in the end. In proving this, (with parts of my case helping it along) I intend to supply other forms of disciplines to back up my conclusions. I plan to provide for my audience a definition of child abuse and explain to them how each form of discipline can work for or against a child. Digital Divide EssayC. T.V. is is an environmental factor that plays a role for both the child and parent. Most shows on the tube these days are of violent content and acting almost as a role model to conformity. VII. Alternate forms of discipline that dont always work as well. A. Time outs are something that can work up until the child is around 4, but after that itloses its touch. B. Standing a child in the corner can work until about 10 years old when it becomes a joke. C. Grounding a child can work for awhile in their teen years, but after awhile the parentwill end up giving in more often and allow the child to run free. VIII. Alternate forms of disciplines that work efficiently. A. In the younger years telling them they cant go out to play with their friends can work well. As can retracting their dinner from them. B. Sending a child to their room or very light slapping can also work. They will know who is boss, and wont be as scared of their parent in the end. C. The best alternate form is to take away a priveledge from the child. Finding something the child really likes to do and taking it away work best because they will try to act good until they get that priveledge or object back. D. Trust is a really good form of discipline that not every family can have, but hopefullyeach family can learn to grow into. It serves as the best discipline of all because when a family trusts, it loves. PLANNED CONCLUSION:In conclusion, hitting is a barbaric action and parents should think twice these days before laying a hand on their children. I believe that with the newer generation and their headstrong personalities coming in, hitting no longer benefits but can worsen a childs view of the world. Tradition is no longer tradition but the old way of doing things. We are no longer in the past, but the present where new and more cautious methods of discipline are available. A parent merely starts the mold of the child and introduces them into society. To the infant its nursery is the world. The first idea of the human race are its particular conceptions of its nurse and mother; and the origin and history of all its notions may be traced to its animal wants, to the light that breaks in from its window, and to the few objects in the immediate neighborhood of the cradle and hearth (Upham 3). REFERENCE OF FOUR PUBLISHED SOURCES AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY:1.Helfer, Ray E, et al. Child Abuse and Neglect: The Family and the CommunityMassachusetts: Ballinger Publishing Co. 1976 This book contained information on the family and how its supposed to interact in a formal fashion. It also talks about the outside environment of a child and how a child develops an understanding of the outside world. 2.Erikson, Edsel L, et al. Child Abuse and Neglect: A Guidebook for Educators andCommunity Leaders. Florida: Learning Publications Inc. 1979 This reference book defined the characteristics of what child abuse is and what it stands for. It went into how other people can take notice of a child who is unhappy in their home. It tells of the signs and symptoms of an abused child and what to do about it. 3.Bourne, Richard and Newberger, Eli H. Critical Perspectives on Child AbuseMassachusetts: D.C. Health and Co. 1979 This book shows more of the alternative methods of disiplining a child. It shows various perspectives from different phychologists and sociologists on what this type of disipline does to a child. The book tells of different cases of child neglect and abuse. 4.Gerbner, George, et al. Child Abuse: An Agenda for Action. New York: Oxford University Press 1980 This book tells more about violence in the home and how it is carried from one generation to the next. It goes into even more alternative forms of disipline and shows how disiplining a child by hitting them can later in life cause a hateful environment in the home.

Nursing Hygiene and Environmental Theory Nightingale Essay Example

Nursing: Hygiene and Environmental Theory Nightingale Paper Environmental factors Affecting Health Fresh Air * Fresh air was extremely important for recovery A patients room is to be assured with good ventilation of by insisting on open windows. This practice can obviously lead to a chilly room. * Chilly room can hamper the patients health . But with proper bed clothes and hot bottles the patient can be kept warm in bed and well ventilated at the same time. * Although ventilation may not seem like an issue in a modern hospital, it apparently was in homes with chamber pots and no indoor plumbing. C] Chamber pots should always be placed with a lid. A pot without a id could pollute the surrounding air and result to fatal epidemic diseases. Bed and bedding * Bedding that is well slept in is unsanitary. Therefore, regular changing, washing and airing out of bedclothes should be done. * A patients bed should always be in the lightest spot in the room; and he should be able to see out of window. Communication * Nightingale felt that visitors chattering hopes and advice were distressing to patients. This included false assurances, ignorant medical suggestions or suggestions that the patient has nothing wrong with him. She asserts that patients do like to hear good news from outside, and asks that visitors be more sensitive and empathic about the patients current Light * Light is treated as one of the most essential factor enhancing a patients health. * The patient especially needs direct sunlight. * For example: Go into a room where the shutters are always shut and though the room be uninhabited, though the air has never been polluted by the breathing of human beings, you will observe a close, musty smell of corrupt air, of air I. Unverified by the effect of the suns rays. Pure water: * The patient should be given pure and clean water. * He/ she may suffer from other epidemic diseases while trying to recover if they are not provided with sanitized water. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Hygiene and Environmental Theory Nightingale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Hygiene and Environmental Theory Nightingale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Hygiene and Environmental Theory Nightingale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Learn How to Conjugate Téléphoner (to Call) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Tà ©là ©phoner (to Call) in French As you might expect, the French verb  tà ©là ©phoner  means to call or to telephone. Unlike the verb  appeler, which also means to call, this one refers specifically to a telephone conversation. In order to properly use tà ©là ©phoner to say things such as he called or I am calling, you will need to know how to conjugate the verb. The good news is that this is a regular verb, so not only is it easy to memorize, its also relatively easy to conjugate. A brief lesson will show you how thats done. The Basic Conjugations of  Tà ©là ©phoner In comparison to other French verbs, tà ©là ©phoner is one of the easier verb conjugations to study. Thats because this is a  regular -er verb, meaning it uses a very common pattern as you move from one form of the verb to another. As with all regular verbs, you will add a variety of endings to the verb stem (or radical) to form each conjugation. The catch with the French language is that there is a new ending for every subject pronoun within each tense, giving you more words to memorize. The radical of tà ©là ©phoner  is tà ©là ©phon-.  Using the chart, you can see which ending you need to add to that for your sentence. For example, I am calling is  je tà ©là ©phone  and we will call is  nous tà ©là ©phonerons. Present Future Imperfect je tlphone tlphonerai tlphonais tu tlphones tlphoneras tlphonais il tlphone tlphonera tlphonait nous tlphonons tlphonerons tlphonions vous tlphonez tlphonerez tlphoniez ils tlphonent tlphoneront tlphonaient The Present Participle of  Tà ©là ©phoner When you add -ant  to the radical of  tà ©là ©phoner, you get the  present participle  tà ©là ©phonant. It is a verb, though in some situations you may also use it as an adjective, gerund, or noun. Tà ©là ©phoner  in the Compound Past Tense The past tense can be either the imperfect or the passà © composà ©, which is a compound. To form this, youll need to conjugate the auxiliary verb avoir to the present tense, then attach the past participle tà ©là ©phonà ©. For example, I called is jai tà ©là ©phonà © and we called is nous avons tà ©là ©phonà ©. More Simple Conjugations of Tà ©là ©phoner There are a few more simple conjugations of  tà ©là ©phoner  that you may need at times. The subjunctive, for instance, calls the act into question while  the conditional  says its dependent on something else. The literary tenses of the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are also good to know because you may encounter them while reading. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je tlphone tlphonerais tlphonai tlphonasse tu tlphones tlphonerais tlphonas tlphonasses il tlphone tlphonerait tlphona tlphont nous tlphonions tlphonerions tlphonmes tlphonassions vous tlphoniez tlphoneriez tlphontes tlphonassiez ils tlphonent tlphoneraient tlphonrent tlphonassent The imperative form  is used for very direct sentences and often used alone, so the subject pronoun is not required. In this instance, its perfectly acceptable to shorten  tu  tà ©là ©phone  to  tà ©là ©phone. Imperative (tu) tlphone (nous) tlphonons (vous) tlphonez

The Broken Window Fallacy

The Broken Window Fallacy If you read the news, you may have noticed that journalists and politicians often like to point out that natural disasters, wars, and other destructive events can boost an economys production because they create demand for rebuilding work. Granted, this may be true in specific cases where resources (labor, capital, etc.) would otherwise have been unemployed, but does it really mean that disasters are economically beneficial? 19th-century political economist Frederic Bastiat offered an answer to such a question in his 1850 essay That Which Is Seen and That Which Is Unseen. (This was, of course, translated from the French Ce quon voit et ce quon ne voit pas.) Bastiats reasoning goes as follows: Â   Have you ever witnessed the anger of the good shopkeeper, James Goodfellow, when his careless son happened to break a pane of glass? If you have been present at such a scene, you will most assuredly bear witness to the fact that every one of the spectators, were there even thirty of them, by common consent apparently, offered the unfortunate owner this invariable consolation- It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. Everybody must live, and what would become of the glaziers if panes of glass were never broken?Now, this form of condolence contains an entire theory, which it will be well to show up in this simple case, seeing that it is precisely the same as that which, unhappily, regulates the greater part of our economical institutions.Suppose it cost six francs to repair the damage, and you say that the accident brings six francs to the glaziers trade- that it encourages that trade to the amount of six francs- I grant it; I have not a word to say against it; you reason justly. The glazier comes, performs his task, receives his six francs, rubs his hands, and, in his heart, blesses the careless child. All this is that which is seen.But if, on the other hand, you come to the conclusion, as is too often the case, that it is a good thing to break windows, that it causes money to circulate, and that the encouragement of industry in general will be the result of it, you will oblige me to call out, Stop there! Your theory is confined to that which is seen; it takes no account of that which is not seen.It is not seen that as our shopkeeper has spent six francs upon one thing, he cannot spend them upon another. It is not seen that if he had not had a window to replace, he would, perhaps, have replaced his old shoes, or added another book to his library. In short, he would have employed his six francs in some way, which this accident has prevented. In this parable, the thirty people telling the shopkeeper that the broken window is a good thing because it keeps the glazier employed are the equivalent of the journalists and politicians who say that natural disasters are actually an economic boon. Bastiats point, on the other hand, is that the economic activity generated for the glazier is only half of the picture, and its, therefore, a mistake to look at the benefit to the glazier in isolation. Instead, a proper analysis considers both the fact that the glaziers business is helped and the fact that the money used to pay the glazier is then not available for some other business activity, whether it be a purchase of a suit, some books, etc. Bastiats point, in a way, is about opportunity cost- unless resources are idle, they must be shifted away from one activity in order to be shifted toward another. One can even extend Bastiats logic to question how much of a net benefit the glazier receives in this scenario. If the glaziers time and energy are finite, then he is likely shifting his resources away from other jobs or pleasurable activities in order to repair the shopkeepers window. The glaziers net benefit is presumably still positive since he chose to fix the window rather than carry on with his other activities, but his well-being is not likely to increase by the full amount that he is paid by the shopkeeper. (Similarly, the suit maker and book sellers resources wont necessarily sit idle, but they will still suffer a loss.) It is quite possible, then, that the economic activity following from the broken window merely represents a somewhat artificial shift from one industry to another rather than an overall increase. Add into that calculation the fact that a perfectly good window got broken, and it becomes clear that its only under very specific circumstances that the broken window could be good for the economy as a whole. So why do people insist on trying to make such a seemingly misguided argument regarding destruction and production? One potential explanation is that they believe that there are resources that are idle in the economy- i.e. that the shopkeeper was hoarding cash under his mattress before the window was broken rather than buying the suit or the books or whatever. While it is true, under these circumstances, that breaking the window would increase production in the short-term, it is a mistake to assume without sufficient evidence that these conditions hold. Furthermore, it would always be still better to convince the shopkeeper to spend his money on something of value without resorting to destroying his property. Interestingly enough, the possibility that a broken window could increase short-run production highlights a secondary point that Bastiat was trying to make with his parable, namely that there is an important distinction between production and wealth. To illustrate this contrast, imagine the world where everything that people want to consume is already in abundant supply- new production would be zero, but its doubtful that anyone would be complaining. On the other hand, a society with no existing capital would likely be working feverishly to make stuff but wouldnt be very happy about it. (Perhaps Bastiat should have written another parable about a guy who says The bad news is that my house got destroyed. The good news is that I now have a job making houses.) In summary, even if breaking the window were to increase production in the short run, the act cannot maximize true economic well-being in the long run simply because it will always be better to not break the window and spend resources making valuable new stuff than it is to break the window and spend those same resources replacing something that already existed.

Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Position - Essay Example However, it was only in recent decades human started to realize that the diseases he experience is mainly due to his meat based diet. Human can digest both plant and meat based food, but human contract disease on eating meat because he is naturally an herbivorous. Just because a food is palatable does not mean that it is compatible with the body. Meat is tasty, nutritious but it s not easily digestible by human body. Today, people are victimized to so many diseases for which blame can be put on the abundant meat they consume. Animal based food products have high fat content which lead to major diseases like heart attack, cancer and obesity. It is normally observed that a person who is vegetarian is less disturbed by illnesses as his body is free of animal fat and other poisonous enzymes from animal food products. Human body and meat eating Meat eating is the natural instinct of animals and human body is not naturally designed to digest meat .If we naturally assess the affinity we hav e to the raw meat and blood of animal, we can understand the choice of our body. No human being is attracted to uncooked meat and body organs of a dead animal .We instead feel disgusted and repulsive to the sight of a dead animal with its body organs protruding out. As per (Bluejay,2002)â€Å"Our teeth, saliva, stomach acid, and intestines are most similar to other plant-eaters, and dissimilar to carnivores and true omnivores†. Moreover, the length of our intestine is bigger than that of a carnivores animal, which assist in digestion of plants based food. Human unlike animals does not possess claws nor do they sweat through tongue. It is also found out that excessive meat eating can reduce the life span of a normal human being and make him diseased at a younger age. If human are naturally designed for meat eating then he should not be harmed by this diet. It takes a long time for the human intestine to digest meat as it rots in the body and give negative effect to the body. I t increases the cholesterol level in the human body and creates heart problems and other ailment to human body. When nature has not provided us with the faculties to hunt and obtain meat then it does not make sense to claim that we are meat eaters. Animal suffering on their killing Animal suffering during their killing is a significant reason to justify the vegetarian diet as it is a non – violent form of obtaining food. When human beings are killed poisonous enzymes are released in to their body which is ingested by human on its consumption. Moreover, we are taking away the life of a living being who has been granted a right to live by the creator of this universe. No human has the right to kill another living being, which has equal right as us to live on the planet. In addition to this, the pain and struggle which an animal undergoes while their slaughter is unimaginable and unforgivable. Nowadays animals are killed in an extremely cruel manner which can horrify any meat ea ter to a great level. â€Å"But many people refuse to eat meat because of the inhumane treatment of the animals and the animal suffering that are mass-produced to feed the population†(Being Vegetarian,2008). The mass slaughtering of animals in the slaughter house is a pain afflicting sight and they are treated with utmost cruelty a before killing. Giving pain and obtaining food is not suited to human being who are naturally emotional and loving by nature. When we eat flesh of an animal we are

Jacques Louis Davids and Edouard Manets paintings Essay

Jacques Louis Davids and Edouard Manets paintings - Essay Example The essay "Jacques Louis David’s and Edouard Manet’s paintings" gives a review of Edouard Manet’s "The Dead Christ with Angels" and Jacques Louis David’s "The Death of Socrates". The publisher and printmaker John Boydell wrote Sir Joshua Reynolds about the painting; "the greatest effort of art since the Sistine Chapel and the stanze of Raphael. This work would have done honor to Athens at the time of Pericles." The subject of the painting loosely bases on Plato’s Phaedo. In painting it though, David consulted various sources. These include the 1758 monograph by Diderot on dramatic poetry and the poetry works of Andre Chenier. A pose by a figure at the bed’s foot on the painting is believed to have been inspired by passages in a book by English writer Richardson. The painting is well composed with various forms contributing to the unity therein. A visual foundation is provided by the dominating darkness, giving contrast to lighter figures. The few rich and light colors spread out with ease against the dark. A shallow stage provides the background, with activity being confined in a narrow space that is contained and unified by the wall at the back creating severely bounding space. The chromatic color used is predominantly warm, with cool colors being subdued, appearing almost grey. A horizontal rectangle bounds all the action, with figures fitting within the contained space. Continuities and lighting along the figure to the left up to Socrates’ arm create a flat, wide pyramid that presents a unified mass.

Scout’s Maturity Essay -- English Literature

Scout’s Maturity Maturation is a stage of growth that we as human beings begin at birth. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† in Harper Lee shows Scouts growth as she experiences and understands the prejudice of Maycomb. In the beginning Scout is a naive little girl but as the story commences she begins to understand what goes on in Maycomb and by the end she may still be young but she has matured. In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† author suggests the actions we take lead us to become human beings and what we have done and learned from it leads to mature beings. In the beginning, Scout is an outsider, a tomboy who is not accepted by her brother or his friend. She is known as â€Å"the girl† also she announces that she is five years old but she tries her best to fit in and play with he brother and Dill. Scout thinks of herself as an adult in the beginning, like at when at school she thinks of herself and her school mates as little adults, who must take care of the first year teachers, this shows she is still small but is working her way to adulthood. As the first part of the story progresses we learn another quality which makes Scout immature; the fact that she can’t control her anger. For example when Scout beat up her cousin, this shows she needs to accept something’s and let them go because if she keeps getting angry she is going to go on a rampage because in those days bigotry existed and she has to get use to it.. Scout makes very little progress in the first part of â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† but that doesn’t mean she isn’t determined. To fit in and feel as old as achievable is one of her true goals so she does as much as she can do to fit in and act as old as possible. One thing she does that is mature is she tries her b... ...but in the beginning she made childish accusations. As the story progressed she was shown the true colors of people and understands how life is in Maycomb County, Alabama. Near the end she makes better decisions and the ideas that come to her mind make her seem more mature. After Tom Robinson gets shot Scout matures into a woman mentally and the court trial was the route that showed her the people and there prejudice decisions from a girl to a man. In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Harper Lee says that in life we encounter many situations that affect us deeply but from the mistakes of others we learn valuable lessons. Scouts maturation from a young girl to a young woman is a slow alternation she made as she went through the tunnel and showed how she matured. People far prefer belonging than wisdom, but that is like wanting to be immortal without getting older.

Role of A Computer Programmer

Computer programmers write, test, and maintain the detailed instructions, called programs, that computers must follow to perform their functions. They also conceive, design, and test logical structures for solving problems by computer. Many technical innovations in programming-advanced computing technologies and sophisticated new languages and programming tools-have redefined the role of a programmer and elevated much of the programming work done today. Job titles and descriptions may vary, depending on the organization. Computer programs tell the computer what to do, which information to identify and access, how to process it, and what equipment to use. Programs vary widely depending upon the type of information to be accessed or generated. For example, the instructions involved in updating financial records are very different from those required to duplicate conditions on board an aircraft for pilots training in a flight simulator. Although simple programs can be written in a few hours, programs that use complex mathematical formulas, whose solutions can only be approximated, or that draw data from many existing systems may require more than a year of work. In most cases, several programmers work together as a team under a senior programmer's supervision. Programmers write programs according to the specifications determined primarily by computer software engineers and systems analysts. After the design process is complete, it is the job of the programmer to convert that design into a logical series of instructions that the computer can follow. The programmer then codes these instructions in a conventional programming language, such as COBOL; an artificial intelligence language, such as Prolog; or one of the most advanced object-oriented languages such as Java, C++, or Smalltalk. Different programming languages are used depending on the purpose of the program. COBOL, for example, is commonly used for business applications, whereas Fortran (short for â€Å"formula translation†) is used in science and engineering. C++ is widely used for both scientific and business applications. Many programmers at the enterprise level are also expected to know platform-specific languages used in database programming. Programmers generally know more than one programming language and, because many languages are similar, they often can learn new languages relatively easily. In practice, programmers often are referred to by the language they know, as are Java programmers, or the type of function they perform or environment in which they work, which is the case for database programmers, mainframe programmers, or Web programmers. Programmers often are grouped into two broad types, applications programmers and systems programmers. Applications programmers write programs to handle a specific job, such as a program to track inventory within an organization. They may also revise existing packaged software or customize generic applications called middleware. Systems programmers, on the other hand, write programs to maintain and control computer systems software, such as operating systems, networked systems, and database systems. These workers make changes in the sets of instructions that determine how the network, workstations, and central processing unit of the system handle the various jobs they have been given, and how they communicate with peripheral equipment such as terminals, printers, and disk drives. Because of their knowledge of the entire computer system, systems programmers often help applications programmers to determine the source of problems that may occur with their programs. Most systems programmers hold a 4-year degree in computer science. Extensive knowledge of a variety of operating systems is essential for such workers. This includes being able to configure an operating system to work with different types of hardware and having the skills needed to adapt the operating system to best meet the needs of a particular organization. Systems programmers also must be able to work with database systems, such as DB2, Oracle, or Sybase. Programmers in software development companies may work directly with experts from various fields to create software, either programs designed for specific clients or packaged software for general use, ranging from games and educational software to programs for desktop publishing and financial planning. Much of this type of programming takes place in the preparation of packaged software, which constitutes one of the most rapidly growing segments of the computer services industry. In some organizations, particularly small ones, workers commonly known as programmer-analysts are responsible for both the systems analysis and the actual programming work. Advanced programming languages and new object-oriented programming capabilities are increasing the efficiency and productivity of both programmers and users. The transition from a mainframe environment to one that is based primarily on personal computers (PCs) has blurred the once rigid distinction between the programmer and the user. Increasingly, adept end-users are taking over many of the tasks previously performed by programmers. For example, the growing use of packaged software, such as spreadsheet and database management software packages, allows users to write simple programs to access data and perform calculations. Required skills vary from job to job, but the demand for various skills generally is driven by changes in technology. Employers using computers for scientific or engineering applications usually prefer college graduates who have degrees in computer or information science, mathematics, engineering, or the physical sciences. Graduate degrees in related fields are required for some jobs. Employers who use computers for business applications prefer to hire people who have had college courses in management information systems (MIS) and business and who possess strong programming skills. Although knowledge of traditional languages still is important, employers are placing increasing emphasis on newer, object-oriented programming languages and tools, such as C++ and Java. Additionally, employers are seeking persons familiar with fourth- and fifth-generation languages that involve graphic user interface (GUI) and systems programming. Employers also prefer applicants who have general business skills and experience related to the operations of the firm.

Economic Effects of the Affordable Care Act - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1433 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Affordable Care Act Essay Did you like this example? March of 2010 the federal government passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), otherwise known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Since that time the ACA has been hotly debated by people of all political affiliations. Some argue how positive the outcomes have been and other seek to prove how the law is unfair, too costly or ineffective. The original intent of the legislation was for more people to afford medical insurance and reduce the overall cost of medical care. The three primary goals of the law are: Make affordable health insurance available to more people. The law provides consumers with subsidies (premium tax credits) that lower costs for households with incomes between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Economic Effects of the Affordable Care Act" essay for you Create order Expand the Medicaid program to cover all adults with income below 138% of the federal poverty level. Support innovative medical care delivery methods designed to lower the costs of health care generally. (Affordable Care Act (ACA) HealthCare.gov Glossary. (n.d.), n.d.) This paper examines the economic research of the three primary goals to determine how well the law is meeting its goals. The first goal of the ACA was to make health insurance affordable and thereby assessable to more people. In researching this goal, it was found to be multi-factorial and one that was highly debated as potentially being an economic drain to individuals. The debates centered around the employer mandates with some concerned employers would reduce cut positions or cur workers to part-time status in order to avoid the fifty full-time employee level. Although workers economic status would potentially be hurt by these cuts the insurance exchanges would have been helped as these workers would seek health insurance there instead of with their employers. This leads to another point in the research. Insurance exchanges, or marketplaces, were developed with the goal of spreading the risk between healthiest and sickest people thereby reducing the cost of health insurance overall. Looking at research on employment trends in the years following the enactment of the ACA it was discovered, the U.S. equal to or surpassed other high-income counties in economic growth. It was also found that employment growth was up with 13.4 million more people were employed than in March 2010, when the ACA was enacted (Schoen, 2016). Schoens (2016) study also found the following: Full-time jobs have accounted for all of the net job growth since March 2010. Although some critics feared that employers would convert full-time positions to part-time ones to avoid the health insurance requirements that apply to full-time jobs has improved markedly. Moreover, the number of people working part-time who would prefer full-time work has declined by 3 million since 2010. (p. 12) While the employment rate points to an economic win for employees, research also suggests this to be part of the negative effects of the health insurance exchanges. With an increase in employment rates, more people are obtaining insurance through employer-sponsored health insurance plans. This decreases the number of people seeking health insurance through the exchanges. These people are also likely some of the healthier people needed to offset the costs of the sicklier people. Research has also pointed to attrition as a big reason for the instability of the marketplaces. What was found was that people would drop out after one month of coverage or after they obtained care for non-chronic conditions. Given the option of paying a year of health insurance or paying a minimal fine, many people have found it cheaper to pay the fine. This behavior has created a situation for the health insurance companies where they find it difficult to set prices. If they set the price low but not e nough healthy people pay the year, they are likely to operate at a loss. Balancing this situation has put the health insurance marketplace in a very unstable position (High Attrition May Make ACA Health Insurance Markets Unstable, 2018). The second goal was to expand the Medicaid program. States which chose to participate in the Medicaid expansion were provided federal monies to help offset state costs associated with the increased Medicaid enrolls. According to research, increased Medicaid participation accounted for a decreased in uninsured visits to the ER, increase in early diagnosis of cancer and overall better care provided to these low-income patients. These patients also worried less about unexpected healthcare costs. Studies also showed overall economic growth including savings in the state budget and gains in revenue. As the federal monies begin to decrease to these states, they will need to find alternative funds to maintain the increased number of Medicaid participants. Some states have looked at using provider taxes and fees to help offset costs (Antonisse, 2018). Finding ways to lower health care costs was the third goal. The framers of the ACA sought ways to encourage providers to achieve better health outcomes at reduced cost (Schoen, 2016). In 2012 the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) was added. This program attempts to address a quality measure, but at the same time could help lower the cost curve. This program looks at 30-day hospital readmission rates for specific diagnoses. Hospitals are penalized if they are found to have high rates of readmission for these specific diagnoses (McIlvennan, 2015). The first year realized penalties of 0.3% of total Medicare payments to hospitals. This was well below the original estimate. The average penalty decreased from 0.42 to 0.38% in the second year with it increasing to 0.63% in year three. Some of the increase could be attributed to the inclusion of two new diagnoses (McIlvennan, 2015). For hospitals attempting to find ways to improve outcomes and reduce readmissions muc h time and money has been spent implementing or improving transitional care. These interventions could include ensuring patient are discharged on optimal medications with appropriate instruction, securing early outpatient follow up care and telephone calls in ensure patient status and compliance with treatment. While all of these options have the potential to reduce readmissions and the associated fines, some do require money to be spent by the hospital in wages to higher staff to do such things as make phone calls. While the features in the ACA addressing lowering health care costs appear to be making strides there are alternative areas which could undo the reduced costs realized to this point. According to Schoen (2016) these include: Rising costs of prescription drugs. A lull in development of new breakthrough prescription drugs and the expiration of patents for several high-cost medications during recent years have both contributed to the spending slowdown in the first part of this decade. But there are multiple warning signs that this trend may be ending including the $82,000 price tag for treatment with an effective new drug for hepatitis C, the availability of new cancer drugs, and rapid increases in prices for even generic medication. A key question is whether the United States will be able to implement more value-pricing for existing and new drugs while also promoting innovation and limiting monopolistic pricing. Consolidation of providers and insurers through mergers and acquisitions. Vertical or horizontal provider consolidation could push prices up, even if the use of health services decreases. This is especially true in markets with multiple, nondominant payers. The greater market power achieved through consolidation also could help providers maintain the higher prices from private insurers gained in previous years. At the same time, mergers of insurers pose the danger of raising premiums and the prices paid for care. Administrative layers and complexity. Public and private health care payers and regulatory agencies use different, often changing payment methods and require separate reporting on an expanding array of metrics there is concern that the proliferation of payment changes and reporting requirements are adding to administrative costs and diverting time and resources away from the delivery of care. The U.S. health system already has among the highest administrative costs in the world; the challenge is how to reduce the excess costs stemming from the U.S. health insurance systems inherent fragmentation. (p. 19) This information shows there is still work that can be done in regard to continuing reduction of the costs associated with health care. Whether it be finding ways to reduce prescription costs or ensuring economic conditions exist to reduce the likelihood of hospitals, insurance companies or drug companies merging and becoming more monopolistic in nature. This research has shown the ACA has had many positive economic effects of both individuals and reducing health care costs. It also shows there is still work that can be done to further improve outcomes and reduce costs for individuals, insurance companies and providers. Continued research should be done to ensure costs savings are not accounting for increased mortality rates or other negative situations.